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What is a coil? What is the principle of a coil?
Time: 2025-03-27
A coil, superficially, looks like a spring made of metal wire, forming a helix. The center of the coil can be hollow, or a high-permeability magnetic material can be inserted, which serves to concentrate the magnetic force within a closer range to the coil. Therefore, coils can be seen in transformers, common-mode inductors, and differential-mode inductors.
1. What is a coil?
On the surface, a coil looks like a metal wire wound into a spring, forming a helix. The center of the coil can be hollow or have a high-permeability magnetic material inserted to concentrate the magnetic force within a closer range to the coil. Therefore, coils can be seen in transformers, common-mode inductors, and differential-mode inductors.
2. Working principle of a coil
When current flows through a coil, it generates a magnetic field. The strength of the magnetic field is proportional to the strength of the current. When the coil goes from a no-current state to the moment the circuit is switched on, the current does not immediately reach a stable state. This is because when the current flows through the coil and generates a magnetic field, the generated magnetic field creates a resistance that prevents the coil current from increasing further, which is called inductance.
A coil is also called an inductor, and it has a similar electrical principle to a capacitor:
That is, inductance can also store energy in the form of a magnetic field, and when the power supply is interrupted, it will generate a high voltage to release the energy, so that the circuit will not immediately return to zero voltage; while a capacitor stores energy in the form of an electric field and will release current when the power supply is interrupted.
The direction of the self-induced electromotive force of the coil will hinder the change of the original magnetic field. This is because the original magnetic field is generated by the current in the coil. Self-inductance hinders the change of the current passing through the coil. This hindering effect is called inductive reactance. The magnitude of inductive reactance is related to the inductance of the coil current and the frequency of the current passing through the inductor. The larger the inductance, the larger the inductive reactance. For the same inductance, the higher the frequency of the alternating current, the larger the inductive reactance.
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